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Pohjoisesplanadi 1

The palace was constructed in 1820 as the home of
the merchant J.H. Heidenstrauch. It was later
bought by the Russians as the Czar’s residence
during his stay in Helsinki.
In 1921, after Finland’s independence, the building
was refurbished for the Finnish president, but is
now used for representative functions. The
president lives elsewhere.

Tags: Presidentinlinna, The Presidential Palace

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Salu Square/Kauppatori
On this busy market place by the water is Helsinki’s
old market hall from 1889, the first in Finland.
The Presidential Palace, Helsinki Town Hall and
Sweden’s embassy stand in a row along the
northern side of the square are
Salu Square’s western part is adorned by a fountain,
Havis Amanda, the symbol of Helsinki

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Finland’s marshal, Baron C.G. Mannerheim, lived
here from 1924 to 1951. The museum displays
Mannerheim’s history and through it a part of
Finland’s more recent history as well.
Mannerheim was trained for the military in St.
Petersburg, served 30 years in the Russian army, led
Finland through its civil war in 1918, was
Commander-in-Chief during the Second World War
and finally the country’s president from 1944 to
1946.

Tags: Baron C.G. Mannerheim

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5 km SE
Suomenlinna is one of the world’s largest maritime
fortresses. It lies on 6 of the outer islands off
Helsinki’s coast, and can be reached by boat from
Salutorvet.
Sweden lost all its eastern fortresses to Russia in the
Great Nordic War in the beginning of the 18th
century, hence the need for the construction of
Sveaborg.
Construction for the defense of Helsinki was started
under the direction of Augustin Ehrensvärd in 1748
and completed in 1772.
Although the sea fortress was difficult to conquer,
the Finns were forced to surrender to the Russians
in 1808; and with the treaty of Hamina a year later,
Finland and thereby Sveaborg came under Russian
rule.
The Russians promptly expanded Sveaborg with
barracks, a hospital and church. The mighty garrison
with 13,000 men was instrumental in making
Helsinki the country’s capital city in 1812.
In 1855, during the Crimean War, the fort came
under British/French attack.Prior to the outbreak of the First World War,
Sveaborg was expanded in order to defend the
Tsar’s city of St. Petersburg.
After Finnish independence, the fort was re-named
Suomenlinna (Finland’s Fort) and was initially used as
a prison, where approximately 8,500 prisoners from
the Finnish civil war were incarcerated.
Suomenlinna became a military installation after the
war, in 1919, and was active until 1973.
During the Second World War, the fort came under
a few attacks but its military role was already waning.
Tourists came to the area after the war; and in 1952
it was the site for Olympic sailing.
Today there are several museums, including
Sveaborg Museum which tells the history of the fort

Tags: Suomenlinna, Sveaborg

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Kanavakatu 1
The Russian cathedral, inspired by a 16th century
church near Moscow, was built in the Russian
Byzantine style in 1862-1868. Uspenski has 13 gilded
onion domes and is fitted in the beautiful and richly
ornate traditional Russian style.

Tags: Uspenski Cathedral, Uspenskin katedraali

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Helsinki was the sixth city in Finland, founded in
1550 by the Swedish king Gustav Vasa. Its name in
Swedish is Helsingfors.
Gustav Vasa wanted to establish a competitor to the
Hansa Union’s thriving trading center, Tallinn, on
the other side of the Gulf of Finland. By royal
decree, trading was begun in the city.
However, for centuries after the decree, Helsingfors
remained a withdrawn city whose trade could not
compete with Tallinn.
When in 1703 its eastern neighbor, Russia, under
Peter the Great, laid out his new and extravagant
capital, St. Petersburg, the Swedes began fortifying
Helsingfors. It was in the 1700’s, first in 1713-1721
and latest in 1742, that the Russians invaded the city.Because of Napoleon, Sweden went to war with
Russia in 1808. That same year, the great fortress
Sveaborg (now called Suomenlinna), built in 1748-
1772 at the mouth of the waterway to the city, was
conquered by the tsar’s army.
In 1809 Russia gained control over Finland. The tsar
in St. Petersburg wanted a Finnish capital that was
closer than Åbo/Turku. Helsingfors was chosen
because of the Sveaborg fortress. It became the
official capital of the Finns; and became the czar’s
city in 1812 – re-named Helsinki.
In 1808 a fire destroyed a larger part of the city.
Helsinki had to be rebuilt; and as it was the new
capital, it was possible to design a magnificent center,
worthy of this status.
The German architect, Carl Ludwig Engel, together
with the local architect Johan Albrecht Ehrenström
had the primary responsibility for this grand project.
They planned and designed the center of the capital
in monumental Empire style. One of the highlights
was the cathedral, which was completed in 1852. In
connection with the reconstruction of Helsinki, two
institutions were moved from the old to the new
capital. In 1812 the Finnish university – founded in
1840 – was moved from Åbo/Turku to Helsinki.
Helsinki became the garrison city for the imperial
Russian army.
The 19th and 20th centuries saw great growth in
Helsinki. Railway connections were built to
Hämeenlinna in 1862 and to St. Petersburg in 1870.
These and other transportation facilities were
decisive in strengthening the city’s role as an
economic and industrial power center.
As the economy thrived, so did culture and at the
head of the renaissance of Finnish art was the world
famous composer Jean Sibelius.
It was also at this time that the first Finnish opera
was born, in 1852.
Growth created a good economic situation for the
city, which can be seen in the beautiful national
romantic buildings and art nouveau neighborhoods.
Around the start of the 20th century, the
population of the city was 100,000.
The communist October Revolution in Russia in
1917 made it possible for Finland to declare its
independence. After a brief period of civil war,
where Finland’s government was forced to flee
Helsinki, the city became the capital of an
independent Finland in 1918, thanks to the victory
of governmental forces led by General Mannerheim.
Helsinki continued to grow in the 1920’s-’30’s. The
period is characterized by the numerous buildings
in the classical and functional styles and crowned by
the monumental constructions for the OlympicGames in 1940. The games, however, were
postponed because of the Second World War.
During the Second World War, Helsinki was under
bombardment; but its growth quickly resumed after
the war’s end.
In 1952 the city was host to the Summer Olympics;
and since then, Helsinki has been a great
international congress and conference city.Through the 1960’s-80’s, many suburbs have grown
up around Helsinki in tact with movement of the
population from rural districts to the city. It was in
this period that Alvar Aalto was very productive.
Helsinki is still one of the most rapidly growing
capitals in Europe, with a very active cultural life

Tags: Helsinki

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Snellmanninkatu
The plaza is named after Snellman, one of the major
political leaders in the national movement of the
19th century. A statue of him stands in front of
Finland’s National Bank, built in 1876-1883 as a
renaissance palace.

Tags: Snellman, Snellmanninkatu

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Senaatintori
The majestic white cathedral in neoclassical style
was built in 1830-1852 as the Nicholas Church

Senaatintori
In 1809, when Finland became a part of the Russian
Empire, Helsinki was made the capital city and the
Senate Square was designed and built in St.
Petersburg style.
In the center of the square is a statue of Czar
Alexander III, raised in 1894.
On the eastern side of the square is the previous
Imperial Senate, which was built in 1922.
Overlooking this, on the western side, is Helsinki
University, previously Alexander University, from
1832. Next to the university is the beautiful National
Library.

Tags: Senaatintori, Senate Square

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Trinity Church/ Pyhan Kolminaisuuden kirkko

Unioninkatu 31
The church was constructed in 1825-1827 as the first
Orthodox Church in Finland. The architect was Carl
Engel, who besides building this neoclassical church
also built the Senate Square.

Tags: Pyhan Kolminaisuuden kirkko, Trinity Church

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Tags: australia, Byron, guide, Travel, Video

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